Neurosurgery (or neurological surgery) is the medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery of disorders which influence any portion of the anxious system counting the brain, spinal line, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system.

 

 

Microsurgery is utilized in many aspects of neurological surgery,

Procedures such as microdiscectomy, laminectomy, and artificial discs rely on microsurgery.

 

Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery is utilized by neurosurgeons. Procedures such as endoscopic endonasal surgery is used for pituitary tumors, craniopharyngiomas, chordomas, and the repair of cerebrospinal fluid spills.

Ventricular endoscopy is used for colloid cysts and neurocysticercosis.

Endoscopic procedures can be used to help in the evacuation of hematomas and trigeminal neuralgia. Repair of craniofacial disarranges and disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid circulation is done by neurosurgeons, and depending on the circumstance, maxillofacial and plastic specialists. Conditions such as chiari malformation, craniosynostosis, and syringomyelia are treated.

This is called cranioplasty.

 

Some others treatments by neurosurgeons are:

 

• Spinal disc herniation

• Cervical spinal stenosis and Lumbar spinal stenosis

• Hydrocephalus

• Head trauma (brain hemorrhages, skull fractures, etc.)

• Spinal cord trauma

• Traumatic injuries of peripheral nerves infections

• Tumors of the spine, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

• Intracerebral hemorrhage, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, interdepartmental, and intracellular hemorrhages

• Some forms of drug-resistant epilepsy

• Some forms of movement disorders (advanced Parkinson’s disease, chorea) – this involves the use of specially developed minimally invasive stereotactic techniques (functional, stereotactic neurosurgery) such as ablative surgery and deep brain stimulation surgery

• Intractable pain of cancer or trauma patients and cranial/peripheral nerve pain

• Some forms of intractable psychiatric disorders

• Vascular malformations (i.e., arteriovenous malformations, venous angiomas, cavernous angiomas, capillary telangiectasias) of the brain and spinal cord

• Moyamoya disease